Water supply system Bijapur during Adilshahi dynasty.

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The water supply system in Bijapur during the Adilshahi dynasty was an engineering marvel of its time, reflecting the sophistication and ingenuity of the rulers and their administration. Bijapur, located in present-day Karnataka, India, was the capital of the Adilshahi Sultanate, which flourished from the late 15th century to the late 17th century. The city's water management system was crucial for its sustenance and growth, supporting its population and various economic activities. During this period Bijapur population is more than Several hundred thousands or millions .

The Adilshahi rulers recognized the importance of water management for urban development and agriculture, leading them to invest in the construction of an extensive network of water supply infrastructure. This system comprised various components, including reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, and tanks, designed to collect, store, and distribute water efficiently throughout the city and its surrounding areas.

One of the most notable features of Bijapur's water supply system was its reliance on reservoirs or tanks, strategically located to capture rainwater and surface runoff during the monsoon season. These reservoirs served as the primary source of water for the city, ensuring a consistent supply throughout the year, even during dry periods. The construction of these reservoirs required careful planning and engineering expertise to maximize storage capacity while minimizing evaporation and seepage losses.

The Malik-i-Maidan tank, also known as the "Master of the Field," is one such reservoir built during the Adilshahi period. Constructed in the early 17th century, this massive tank covers an area of over 11,000 square meters and has a capacity of around 3.6 million gallons of water. The tank's impressive size and design reflect the advanced hydraulic engineering techniques employed by the Adilshahi engineers.

In addition to reservoirs, the Adilshahi water supply system also included a network of aqueducts and canals to transport water from the storage tanks (called Ganz ) to various parts of the city. These aqueducts were built using stone masonry and arches, allowing water to flow downhill through gravity. The canals, on the other hand, were used to distribute water to different neighborhoods and agricultural lands, ensuring equitable access for all residents.There are many Ganzs are Constructed to store water and supply water  to the people's.

The efficient distribution of water within Bijapur was facilitated by the construction of numerous smaller tanks or reservoirs located strategically throughout the city. These tanks acted as distribution points, allowing water to be diverted to different areas through a network of channels and sluice gates. This decentralized approach to water distribution helped mitigate losses due to leakage and ensured reliable access to water for both urban and rural communities.

Furthermore, the Adilshahi rulers implemented various measures to maintain and manage the water supply system effectively. This included regular maintenance of infrastructure, dredging of tanks to remove silt and debris, and the appointment of officials responsible for overseeing water management activities. The administration also imposed regulations to prevent pollution and misuse of water resources, ensuring sustainable use for future generations.

The impact of Bijapur's water supply system extended beyond urban development to influence the region's agriculture and economy. Reliable access to water enabled the cultivation of crops such as rice, sugarcane, and cotton, supporting a thriving agricultural sector. The surplus agricultural produce generated wealth for the region, contributing to Bijapur's prosperity and attracting traders and merchants from distant lands.

In Ends

 the water supply system in Bijapur during the Adilshahi dynasty was a testament to the rulers' vision and the engineering prowess of their time. Through the construction of reservoirs, aqueducts, and canals, the Adilshahi administration ensured a reliable supply of water for urban and rural communities, fostering economic growth and prosperity. The legacy of Bijapur's water management system continues to inspire admiration and study, highlighting the importance of sustainable water infrastructure in historical and contemporary contexts.